My contribution to the MIGF 2026 panel “Emerging Technologies and Cybercrime: Inclusive and Human-Centric Responses” examined how AI is reshaping both cyber threats and the strategies used to counter them.

In February 2026, President Sandu warned about AI-driven scams, including voice-cloning deepfakes used for fraud. However, Moldova lacks data showing which age groups are most affected; AI-enabled cybercrime targets everyone.

AI is increasingly used to scale and personalize cyberattacks. According to the ENISA Threat Landscape 2025 report, phishing accounts for about 60% of intrusion vectors in Europe. Attackers use AI to generate convincing, context-aware messages. Deepfake videos of public officials and executives further enable fraud and disinformation. Overall, AI is driving more scalable, realistic, and targeted deception.

AI is also improving cyber defense. Systems can detect anomalies in real time, identify suspicious behavior, and flag potential threats before damage occurs. Machine learning tools are increasingly used to detect deepfakes through inconsistencies in audio and visual data.

These systems should remain human-guided, especially in high-risk decisions affecting rights and safety. Effective defenses also require transparency, accountability, and privacy protections.

A human-centric cybersecurity approach includes:

• Building digital literacy so people can verify content and detect manipulation.
• Ensuring access to tools and guidance for all groups, including non-technical users.
• Maintaining safeguards so defensive AI does not enable unchecked surveillance.

Responses must focus on resilience and inclusion. Digital security is no longer limited to experts; it requires broad public awareness and participation.

At the policy level, both technical and governance safeguards are needed. Proposals to simplify EU regulations, such as the Digital Omnibus, have raised concerns about reduced transparency and oversight. Moldova’s draft AI law, discussed in 2024, remains unresolved in 2026, highlighting the need for a clear, EU-aligned framework.

Key priorities for Moldova:

• Provide accessible tools for verifying digital content.
• Strengthen real-time defenses in banks and public institutions.
• Support innovation within clear ethical and legal safeguards.
• Develop policies through inclusive and transparent processes.

AI is reshaping both cyber threats and defenses. Effective responses depend on combining technical capability with inclusive governance and public trust.